Large scale composting might require a garden but there are compact techniques, such as Bokashi composting, that are worthwhile trying.

With normal composting you typically put raw vegetable food waste onto a compost heap and leave it to rot down into compost. You need a mix of green, nitrogen rich, and brown, carbon rich, material for the composting process to work efficiently.

Bokashi composting is different. You can put most of your food waste (raw or cooked, meat as well as veg) into an airtight bin and sprinkle over Bokashi bran. The bran has active organisms that anaerobically ferment the waste material, breaking it down over a couple of weeks into "pickled" waste that can be dug into the garden (where it quickly breaks down into compost), placed on your existing compost heap or even thrown in the trash (it will be more compact than the original waste and it will break down quickly in landfill)